By Wikileaks1 Spy

 

 

Baada ya kupitia ripoti nzima nikaona mambo mengine ya muhimu zaidi kwa Tanzania kuliko hilo. Naweza kuwa nakosea lakini sidhani kama mtanzania halisi mwenye mapenzi mema na nchi yetu anaweza kupitia ripoti hii na jambo pekee la kujadili atakaloliona likawa Mtikila na FDLR badala ya hili lililo wazi zaidi kuwa Rwanda iliishambulia Tanzania (pamoja na nchi nyingine) kinyume cha sheria za kimataifa. Labda zilikuwa jitihada za kujihami (pre-emptive strike) kuhamisha mada ya ripoti kwenda kwa mtikila, ili kutojadili haya mengine maana watanzania wengi hawapendi kusoma mambo marefu kama ripoti. Mimi kwangu la muhimu hapa ni haya.

 Samahani kwa kuchanganya lugha na vile vile labda thread hii inaweza kuwa ndefu, lakini ni vyema kuangalia kwa makini haya mambo yaliyoibuliwa na hii ripoti kuhusu uhusiano wa Rwanda na M23 na uhusiano wake na hizi cheche za sasa kati yetu na Rwanda.

 Ripoti nzima inapatikana hapa:Final Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of Congo.pdf courtesy ya ndugu EMT.  pia nyingine inapatikana hapa: Inner City Press: Investigative Reporting from the United Nations

 Mambo niliyoona ni muhimu ni haya:

 

Executive summary:

 

· Wachunguzi wa UN WAMETHIBITISHA kuwa kundi la M23 limekuwa likipata misaada mbalimbali toka ndani ya Rwanda. Misaada hii inajumuisha: silaha, ammunition; yaani risasi, mabomu na vifaa vingine vinavyotumika na silaha, recruitment; yaani uandikishaji wa askari wapya wa M23, reinforcement; hii inamaanisha chochote kuanzia chakula, askari wa ziada etc, pamoja na fire support; Ripoti inasema kuna wakati askari wa Rwanda ndio waliokuwa wanapigana vita hivi moja kwa moja na majeshi ya UN (Tanzania ikiwamo) bila kificho cha kujifanya M23!

· Wamethibitisha kuwa viongozi waliowekewa vikwazo na Umoja wa mataifa wamekuwa wakiishi na kutembea kama watu huru nchini Uganda, na vile vile M23 wamekuwa wakijijenga upya kwa kuongeza wapiganaji wapya nchini Rwanda.

 

·  Kwamba vikundi mbali mbali vya waasi vimekuwa financed na biashara haramu ya madini hasa dhahabu. Uchunguzi umesema kuwa takribani asilimia 98 ya dhahabu yote inayozalishwa DRC inatoroshwa kiharamu. Ingawa dhahabu hii imekuwa ikitoroshwa kupitia nchi jirani za Tanzania, Uganda na Burundi karibu dhahabu yote imekuwa ikitoroshwa kupitia Uganda.

 

Standard of evidence: · Wataalamu hawa wa uchunguzi toka UN waliomba ushirikiano toka serikali za nchi mbalimbali na makampuni kusaidia uchunguzi, lakini katika kipindi chote cha uchunguzi wao serikali ya Rwanda ilikataa kuruhusu wachunguzi hawa wa UN kuingia Rwanda kwa shughuli hii. (page2).

 

M23:

· March 2013, kufuatia kumeguka vipande viwili kwa kundi la M23 kutokana na vita vya ndani (Bosco ntaganda vs Sultani Makenga) kamanda Bosco Ntaganda na kundi la wapiganaji wake 788 walikimbilia nchini Rwanda.

· Wachunguzi wamethibitisha kundi hili kupata ufadhili toka Rwanda mpaka mwisho wa October 2013, ikiwamo kuwasili kwa askari wa jeshi la ulinzi wa Rwanda (Rwandan Defence Forces) nchini DRC mwezi August, kuwasili kwa silaha mwezi juni, july na august. Wachunguzi wa UN waliandika barua kwenda serikali ya Rwanda kuomba maelezo juu ya masuala haya lakini mpaka ripoti hii inaandikwa, serikali ya Rwanda haijajibu. · Ingawa M23 imesema ilisema imesitisha uasi mwezi November tarehe 5 2013, wachunguzi wa UN wana taarifa za uhakika kwamba masalia na washirika wa M23 bado wanajijenga upya nchini Rwanda.

 

Vyanzo vya taarifa:

 

· Taarifa zimepatikana kutoka kwa waliokuwa wapiganaji wa M23 waliojisalimisha, askari walioasi jeshi la Rwanda (RDF), wakazi wa maeneo yaliyotekwa na M23, viongozi wa jamii eneo la kivu kaskazini, viongozi wa serikali ya congo, pamoja na maofisa wa UN. Wachunguzi waliandika barua 13 kuomba taarifa za M23 kwa serikali mbalimbali na mashirika, walipata picha za maeneo ya M23, walijionea wenyewe hali halisi katika maeneo ya M23 na maeneo jirani, walipitia ripoti za taasisi za UN, na vile vile walipitia taarifa zilizopatikana kutoka maeneo yaliyoshikiliwa na M23 baada ya M23 kukimbia. · Waliokuwa wapiganaji wa M23 (former M23 combatants) wanane (8), waliwaambia wachunguzi wa UN kuwa askari wa Rwanda waliokuwa wanauawa kutokana na vita hivi walikuwa wanarudishwa Rwanda kwa maziko au kupatiwa huduma za matibabu.

 

Mashambulizi maeneo ya raia nchini Rwanda na congo:

 

· Mwezi august, Serikali ya Rwanda ilidai kuwa risasi zilikuwa zinapigwa na askari wa congo (FARDC) kuingia nchini Rwanda, na ilitishia kupeleka jeshi lake RDF nchini DRC kutokana na hali hiyo. Lakini askari wa zamani wa jeshi la Rwanda pamoja na Monusco walifahamisha wachunguzi kuwa risasi zote kwenda Rwanda zilipigwa na M23. Pia ripoti ya October 1 ya EJVM kuhusu matukio hayo ya august ilitoa uhakika wa asilimia 80 kuwa risasi hizo zilitokea maeneo ya kibati-kibumba ambayo yalikuwa yanashikiliwa na M23 wakati huo. Hii inaonyesha wazi kuwa M23 na Rwanda walikuwa wanapanga mchezo mchafu. Kwa bahati mbaya mchezo huu mchafu ulimtoa kafara mama mmoja na kumuumiza vibaya mwanae kijiji cha Ihumure Rwanda. Yote hii ni katika kutaka kuhalalisha Rwanda kuingiza majeshi yake DRC ili kupigana kwa niaba ya M23 dhidi ya majeshi ya UN yakiongozwa na Tanzania. · Kati ya august 22 na 30, M23 walishambulia maeneo ya raia maeneo ya Goma yakiwemo kambi za wakimbizi, shule, baadhi ya nyumba, ambulance za UN na makazi ya askari wa UN.

 

Kuvunjika kwa M23:

 

· M23 walitumia fursa ya kusitishwa kwa mapigano kutokana na mazungumzo kujiimarisha kwa kupeleka silaha nzito frontline ikiwamo mizinga. Yaani wakati dunia inajua M23 wanataka amani kupitia mazungumzo, wao walikuwa wanatumia hiyo kama half-time break! October 18, M23 walizuia msafara wa timu ya EJVM ya UN kwenda kukagua ghala la silaha za M23, pia October 18, M23 walishambulia helicopter za South Africa (sehemu ya jeshi la UN), eneo la Kanyamahoro.

· Asubuhi October 25, M23 waliji-position strategically (kimkakati) katika eneo la mpaka wa DRC na Rwanda eneo la Kabuye na mlima Hehu, kitu ambacho kilifanya vigumu kwa jeshi la Congo kuwashambulia bila risasi kuingia Rwanda. Toka October 25 mpaka 27, M23 walisaidiwa moja kwa moja na vifaru vya jeshi la Rwanda mpakani mwa Rwanda na Congo eneo la Kabuhanga-Kabuye.  Kwa maana nyingine vita sasa ilikuwa ni UN (including Tanzanian forces) + FARDC vs M23+Rwandan Defence Force! Kwa lugha rahisi ni kuwa kimsingi Tanzania na Rwanda zilishawahi kupigana!

 

· Ingawa baadhi ya M23 walijisalimisha nchini DRC, na wengine wakakimbilia Rwanda, wengi wao chini ya sultani Makenga walikimbilia Uganda. Kumbuka kuwa wale wengine chini ya Bosco Ntaganda walishakimbilia Rwanda, kufuatia kutokuelewana baina ya viongozi hawa wawili.

Nov 19 serikali ya Uganda ilijibu kwa wachunguzi wa UN kuwa wapiganaji 1,445 wa M23 waliingia Uganda wakiwamo sultani makenga na Innocent kaina (viongozi). Pia serikali ya Uganda ilidai kuwa M23 walisalimisha silaha zao. Uganda inawahifadhi M23 katika eneo linaloitwa Hima ( kwa mnaofuatilia historia hili jina lina uzito wa kipekee ukizingatia kabila la wapiganaji wa M23, nikumbushe tu kuwa hizi si porojo hii ni ripoti ya UN! ), wilaya ya Kasese. Serikali ya Uganda iliombwa orodha ya wapiganaji hawa lakini mpaka ripoti inaandikwa hakuna jibu lililotolewa!

 

Wapiganaji:

 

· Wachunguzi wa UN wamesema kuwa raia walijiunga na M23 kwa njia tatu: kulazimishwa kwa nguvu na aliyekataa alipigwa risasi, kuahidiwa kazi au pesa.

· walihojiwa watu 31 (M23) toka DRC, Burundi na Uganda ambao walisema kuwa wote ni raia wa Rwanda waishio nchi hizo au wakimbizi toka Rwanda waishio nchi hizo (hongera tena kikwete kwa operesheni kimbunga)! (page 7). Ripoti hii imeonyesha wazi wazi kuwa kumbe M23 ni kundi la wanyarwanda na si la wacongomani wenye asili ya Rwanda kama Rwanda inavyotaka tuamini. Hivyo kuendelea kuwa na wakimbizi haramu katika nchi yetu ya Tanzania ingeweza kuleta mambo kama haya, lingeibuka kundi la kikabila “linalodai haki zake” maeneo ya kagera kule halafu tungeshangaa mbona “jeshi la waasi “ linakaribiana ukubwa na JWTZ, kumbe tunapigana na wooote toka Rwanda, congo, Burundi…!

· Wachunguzi wamethibitisha pia kuwa baadhi ya M23 toka Rwanda walikuwa ni askari wa Rwanda (RDF). Ninanukuu: “Former M23 officers and soldiers told the Group that demobilized RDF soldiers served in M23 as trainers and operators of heavy weapons. Four ex-M23 combatants told the Group that Maj. Kalissa Rwema is one ex-RDF officer who served as a trainer for M23 at Rumangabo. UN sources and two ex-M23 officers told the Group that an ex-RDF soldier known only by his nickname “Kifaru” was a crewmember in the T-55 tank that M23 used in combat (see S/2013/433, annex 5)”

Msaada wa Rwanda: nukuu mbalimbali toka kwenye ripoti:

 

· The Group has documented that M23 received continued support from Rwandan territory. The most consistent forms of support were through recruitment (see above) and provision of arms and ammunition, particularly during periods of combat. M23 also received direct troop reinforcement by Rwandan soldiers in August. During the October fighting, Rwandan tanks fired into DRC in support of M23.

 

· In August, RDF soldiers crossed into DRC for short periods of time to join M23 and participate in combat operations. Ten local residents in Kibumba, and four ex-M23 combatants told the Group they witnessed these arrivals during the fighting in August, including between 22 and 24 August and on 27 August. Troops came notably through Rwanda’s Kabuhanga border post. In addition, a Rwandan Special Forces soldier – who previously served with the RDF in Darfur as part of the UNAMID peacekeeping force (see annex 18) – told the Group he deployed in August from Mudende as part of a reinforcement operation. While some RDF soldiers directly joined M23, he escorted a commander to the slopes of the Karisimbi volcano, from where they had visual surveillance of the M23-controlled area and communication links with RDF forces operating with M23. RDF reinforcements were also confirmed by two additional RDF deserters, one demobilized RDF officer, FARDC officers as well as MONUSCO sources.

 

· Swali gumu: rejea paragraph hiyo juu. Tulipoteza askari wetu wa kulinda amani Darfur kwenye mazingira tata. Hapa tuna ushahidi usiopingika kuwa askari wale wale tunaopigana nao DRC wakijifanya M23, ndio wale wale “tunashirikiana” nao Darfur….haiwezekani tukawa tumefanyiana hujuma?

· The Group documented that during the final combat, RDF tanks were present at the Rwanda-DRC border, in Kabuhanga, Rwanda and Kabuye, DRC. Numerous eyewitnesses in Kabuye pointed out to the Group where, on 25 October, two RDF tanks had crossed the border and entered Kabuye; additional RDF tanks were positioned just on the other side of the border, in Kabuhanga. According to corroborating testimonies from 15 people displaced from the border area to Goma, and 10 local residents who stayed at Kabuye, on 25 October, the RDF tanks in DRC and Rwanda fired toward FARDC positions. In addition, FARDC commanders and troops, a foreign journalist on the ground, and a diplomat confirmed that RDF tanks had fired from the border at Kabuhanga and Kabuye starting on the afternoon of 25 October and continuing until 27 October. The tank fire prompted most of the population of Kabuye and other border villages to flee to Goma and to neighbouring villages in Rwanda.

· On 6 November, the Group wrote to the Government of Rwanda to clarify this event; however, as of the writing of this report, the Group has not received a reply.

 

· Twenty-eight former M23 combatants, local people living in DRC close to the Rwandan and Ugandan borders, Congolese authorities, and UN sources told the Group that M23 had received deliveries of arms and ammunition through the Kabuhanga-Kabuye border crossing with Rwanda and the Bunagana border with Uganda. These sources stated 10 that ammunition usually came at night in trucks, and included rifle and machine gun ammunition, 12.7 mm rounds, anti-tank rounds and rocket-propelled grenades. Six ex-combatants told the Group they saw white trucks bringing ammunition through the Kabuhanga border crossing from Rwanda during June, July, and August. Several former M23 combatants told the Group they personally ferried ammunition from Kabuhanga, Rwanda into Kibumba, DRC.

 

Hitimisho Langu:

1. Kwa ushahidi huu wa ripoti ya UN tunajua kuwa Rwanda imehusika moja kwa moja kwa vifo vya askari wetu DRC. Serikali yetu itafanyaje kuhakikisha Rwanda inakuwa held accountable kwa haya maovu iliyofanya? Waziri Membe atasema haya? Wawakilishi wetu UN watashitaki New york? Waziri wetu wa EAC atasema haya bunge la Afrika mashariki? Au wote watafutika vichwa chini kama mbuni na kutumaini kuwa tukizidi kumpenda kagame, kagame atabadilika? Askari wetu ndio wamepotea hivi hivi? Habari za Rwanda kuwa wao ndio M23 hazitoki Tanzania wala FDLR, je si marekani na uingereza zilizosimamisha misaada kwa Rwanda ajili ya taarifa hizi kabla hata ya ripoti hii ya UN kutoka? Sasa ripoti ya UN imetoka na imehakikisha yote kuwa ni kweli. Je mpaka nini kitokee ndio Rwanda ishitakiwe UN? Waziri Membe atayasema haya au ataona haya? yetu macho!

2. Tunatakiwa tuangalie kwa umakini propaganda zinazoenezwa na vyombo vyenye uhusiano na serikali ya Rwanda ambavyo vinajenga picha hasi dhidi ya Taifa letu la Tanzania: kuwa rais wetu ana kisasi na Rwanda kwa kuwa mkewe ni nduguye marehemu Habyarimana, nchi yetu inafadhili majeshi ya FDLR na kadhalika. Hapa nitoe angalizo kuwa tusiiangalie Rwanda kama nchi ndogo. Silaha kubwa wanayotumia Rwanda ambayo watanzania wengi hatuijui si wingi wa askari bali propaganda za uchafuzi kama hizi.Tuhuma kuwa nchi yetu ni kimbilio la watu walio chini ya vikwazo vya kusafiri vya UN ni tuhuma nzito, tuhuma zinazobidi kujibiwa mapema, na vile vile kurudisha mapigo (kisheria) kwa yoyote anayezitoa bila ushahidi.

 Taswira yetu ikichafuliwa vya kutosha itaonekana ni vita kati ya Daudi (Rwanda) na nduli/dhalimu goliati (Tanzania). Watapata misaada toka nchi kubwa, wataungwa mkono na jumuiya za kimataifa, tutawekewa vikwazo, tutatengwa n.k matokeo yake tutaanguka kama mbuyu unavyoangushwa na shoka, huku tukiendelea kujisifu kuwa tuna jeshi kubwa. Tukumbuke jinsi utawala wa sasa wa kagame ulivyoingia madarakani. Kagame na jeshi lake hawakuwa tishio sana kwa Rwanda mwaka 1990. Lakini kupitia propaganda na manipulation ya jumuiya za kimataifa waliweza kujenga picha hasi ya utawala wa Habyarimana (na sisemi kwamba Habyarimana alikuwa malaika, la). Uchumi wa ndani ya Rwanda ukaporomoka, kukawa na matatizo ya kisiasa ndani ya Rwanda. Wananchi wakakosa umoja. Baada ya uchafuzi huu dunia nzima ikasahau kuwa Kagame alikuwa muasi aliyeshambulia kijeshi nchi huru ya Rwanda kwa miaka minne toka mwaka 1990 mpaka mwaka 1994 (kama ambavyo M23 ilivyofanya), badala yake ikahamisha focus kwenye genocide ya siku 100 tu, kana kwamba waliouawa miaka yoote hiyo walikuwa ngedere!

3. Tukumbuke kuwa huku Afrika nchi zenye baraka kama Tanzania zenye gesi, mafuta, madini ya urani, n.k hazitakiwi kuwa na amani. Si porojo kuwa nchi kubwa zitakazotuwekea vikwazo na kuvuruga stability ya ndani kwetu ni wale wale wanaotuchekea leo na kutuita marafiki. Kutokuwapo kwa amani nchini DRC hakujawahi kuzuia maslahi ya marekani, ubelgiji, n.k. Paul Kagame kapindua serikali ya Uganda (chini ya NRM), kapindua serikali ya Rwanda (chini ya RPA/RPF), kapindua serikali ya Congo DRC na anaendeleza uasi wa M23 mpaka leo (rejea ripoti), lakini ukiwauliza nchi kubwa leo hii nani Rais bora Afrika usishangae kusikia ni kagame huyo huyo

 Mwenye masikio na asikie!